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Root Words

Some examples of root words:-

component	meaning	example
BLAST-	germ, immature cell	blastoma = a cancer made of immature cells
CARCIN-	cancer	carcinogenic = cancer causing
CARDIO-	heart	cardiotoxicity = toxicity to the heart
CYTO-	cell	cytotoxic = toxic to the cell
DERMA-	skin	dermatitis = inflammation of the skin
HISTIO-	tissue	histology = study of tissue
HEPATI-	liver	hepatoblastoma = liver cancer
MALIGN-	bad / harmful	malignant = growing, spreading
NEPHRO-	kidney	nephrotoxic = harmful to the kidneys
NEURO-	nerves	neurob1ast = an immature nerve cell
ONCO-	mass / tumour	oncology = the study of cancer
OSTEO-	bone / bony tissue	osteosarcoma = bone cancer
PAED-	child	paediatric oncology = study of childhood cancer
SARCO-	tissue	sarcoma = tumour of bone, muscle, or connective tissue
TOXO-	poison	toxicology = study of poisons

Suffixes

Some examples of suffixes:-

component	meaning	example
-AEMIA	condition of blood	leukaemia = cancer of blood cells
-ECTOMY	excision / removal	nephrectomy = excision of a kidney
-ITIS	inflammation	hepatitis = inflammation of the liver
-OLOGY	study / science of	cytology = the study of cells
-OMA	tumour	retinoblastoma = tumour of the eye
-PATHY	disease	neuropathy = disease of the nervous system
-OSIS	disease /condition	necrosis = dying cells

Prefixes

Some examples of prefixes:-

component	meaning	example
AN-, A-	without / lack of	anaemia = lack of red blood cells
AB-	away from	abnormal = away from the normal
AD-	near / toward	adrenal gland = gland near to the kidney
BI-	two / both	bilateral Wilm's = tumour in both kidneys
DYS-	difficult / painful	dysfunction = not working properly
ECTO-	outside	ectopic pregnancy = outside the uterine cavity
ENDO-	inside	endoscope = an instrument to look inside the body cavities or organs
EPI-	upon	epidermis = the outer layer of skin
HYPER-	excessive / above	hyperglycaemia = excessive blood sugar levels
HYPO-	beneath / below	hypodermic = injection below the skin
INTER-	between	intercostal = between the ribs
INTRA-	within / Inside	intravenous = into a vein
PARA-	beside, about, near	parathyroid = beside the thyroid gland
PERI-	around	pericardium = membrane around the heart
PRE-	before	prenatal = before birth
POST-	after	post surgical stage = stage after surgery
SUB-	under / below	submucosa = tissue below mucus membrane
SYN-	together with	syndrome = group of symptoms occurring together